Drawing is one of the most famous types of arts , and it is a way to describe relationships, whether material or abstract, or to transfer something in full detail, and it is also a link between the eye, the mind and the hand, so that this link can be increased with talent and training. [1] [2] Before starting drawing, the painter must feed his eye and get it used to seeing in a way that is not the usual way. And seeing it in a more beautiful way, and getting to its details, such as shape, texture, color, shades and light, so seeing with new eyes must be learned before starting to learn drawing. [3]
How to learn to draw
Drawing can be learned by many means. Drawing has become a school that contains many information supported by many references, and from the methods that can be traced to learning drawing, the following: [4]
Learning in a systematic way: This is done by enrolling in academic drawing courses, for which many information, techniques and theories related to drawing are offered to their attendees.
Learning from mistakes: There are some common mistakes that the learner needs to know so that he can avoid them.
Learning from memory and imagination: A skilled artist can draw from his memory, or his imagination inspired, and reference can be made to drawing books that give information about how to develop the ability to draw from memory and imagination.
The development of artistic taste: nurturing the eye with famous drawings of the most famous ancient painters, helps to build artistic taste and sense, and also helps to create a creative style for the learner, and books and technical albums can be viewed to see distinctive artistic paintings.
E-learning: Drawing can be learned electronically by watching videos to learn drawing, and knowing its basics.
Starting with the basics: It is a mistake to start with advanced topics without knowing the basics.
Drawing elements
The drawing consists of a group of various elements; each of them forms an important role in the drawing, all of which give harmonious and complementary effects. These elements are:
Line
The line is the basic unit for building surfaces and simple, complex and complex shapes, and it is the simplest method for artistic expression, and the line can be an edge, a place of contact for different areas, or a circumference of the shape to define it. The calligraphy has various forms , including the artist's use of what helps him to be creative in his artistic painting, and of the types of lines: [5] [6]
Horizontal line: The horizontal line expresses stability and flattening, the horizontal lines differ in their length and thickness, so if the lines are varied and arranged in a certain pattern, they will give a beautiful rhythm to the painting, while the similar horizontal lines in length and thickness give a sense of monotony and boredom, and when drawing the horizontal lines in the upper part Upset, and what balances it are the vertical lines in the drawing.
Vertical Line: The vertical line expresses glowness and is associated with gravitational gravity, and it is considered a supporter and balance for horizontal lines.
Radial Line: Radial lines are defined as vertical oblique lines that group at one point, and this point is the farthest part of the plate.
The diagonal line: the diagonal line in the painting, when it is repeated, suggests dynamism and dynamism, and if the diagonal lines dominate the painting, it will give a sense of grace, but if the line is curved down, it indicates weakness and relaxation.
Circular Line: A line resulting from the confluence of a group of curved lines, attracting attention at its center.
the color
Colors play an important role in the painting ; they give meanings, and add effects to the configurations of formal; for the artist to be aware of the value of color in the drawing, and use it wisely, and the basics of colors that should be known to every painter: [5] [6] [7 ]
The color wheel is a circle that expresses the relationships of colors with each other. The opposite colors are called complementary colors, and adjacent colors are called identical colors. Together, in complementary colors, the two colors appear brighter.
Psychological effect: The color gives a psychological impression to the recipient, so the artist must understand these influences in order to choose the appropriate color according to the meanings affecting his painting. For example, the blue color is calm, and the red is exciting.
Enriching shapes: shapes without colors are less effective; color gives the eye sharpness, vitality and depth, and attracts attention and increases the moral impact of the painting.
Lighting and shade
Light and shadows are two important elements in drawing, and they can be graduated by the areas of shadows and light overlapping together, or there may be a clear and explicit line between shadow and light to give contrast, and one of these methods is used depending on the meaning to be delivered in the painting, and among the things that are controlled by shadow and light : [6]
Idea of rule: Light can give focus to an element in a painting, and make others secondary.
Balance: this is by distributing shadow and light with a balance in the painting, until a visual balance is achieved; the dark color gives weight in the field of visual perception.
Spatial depth: Objects differ in the lengths of their shadows according to their proximity or their distance from lighting, when the body is close, its shadow is longer, and this adds a third dimension to the artistic palette.
Dramatic effect: The strong contrast between light and shade gives a feeling of discomfort or a dramatic effect, and the graduation may give a sense of mystery. [5]
Drawing techniques
The techniques used in drawing differ according to the drawing tool used, and among the commonly used tools: pencil , charcoal, and watercolors, and each tool has techniques that help the painting to show an elaborate painting when learning.
Lead drawing techniques
The pencil consists of a thin cylinder of graphite covered with a layer of wood, and graphite is carbon added to clay to give it hardness, so the lead hardness between the soft and hard grades according to the ratio of added clay, and lead drawing techniques include the following: [8]
Holding the pen: Each method of holding the pen gives different results in controlling and drawing shapes and lines. The method of holding the pen may limit our ability to creativity. In drawing creative paintings that do not require strong lines, but rather give the impression of vitality, while the second method is holding the pen like a dagger, so that it gives strong and strong lines, and gives the impression of aggression.
The movement of the pen: the movement of the pen gives different results in drawing. To draw vertical lines, move the fingers up and down, while keeping the wrist steady. As for drawing horizontal lines, the fingers are fixed and the wrist is moved to the right and north. Greater movement, to achieve wider hand movement, it is raised higher, fingers are fixed, and the hand is moved in the desired direction. [9]
Gradient: Grayscale in gray from white to black has an effect on the composition of the plate. To obtain gradation, grades of the stylus are used in hardness, or with different pressure in the pen on the paper. The gradient must be mixed and overlapping. [10]
Watercolor painting techniques
The principle of watercolor painting depends on the basis of layers of colors, built on top of each other to form the final painting; as paint each layer and leave to dry, then paint layers next to form a panel detailed and full of overlapping and harmonious color, [11] include painting techniques watercolor What comes : [12]
The uniform surface: to draw a background of one color of equal grades, the required color is mixed in large quantities until covering all the paper, and a horizontal line is drawn on the size of the sheet from the top of it, then another horizontal line is drawn overlapping with the previous line, and this process continues until the drawing board is covered perfect.
One color gradient: As on the uniform surface, a horizontal line is drawn for the color, then an amount of water is added to it to dilute it, and another line is drawn that overlaps with the previous line but it is lighter, and it continues to reduce the color until the desired gradient is obtained.
Two-tone gradient: a horizontal line is drawn in the first color with a dark color, then it is graded by lightening it.
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