The rule of usury in Islam

jj December 14, 2019


Contents

  • 1 usury
  • 2 The rule of usury in Islam
  • 3 Warning against usury
    • 3.1 In the Holy Quran
    • 3.2 In the Sunnah of the Prophet
  • 4 The wisdom of prohibiting usury
  • 5 References

Usury

Usury has social, moral, and financial damages to the individual and society, and usury was widespread among people during the days of ignorance, and they considered dealing with it like dealing with selling, and that usury has great risks and great harm, as it works to spread hatred among people, because this is usurious He takes advantage of their needs just because he has the money, and returns the money to the usurers without effort, work, or exposing his money to risk, as it leads to confining the money to the hands of a few people, which causes an imbalance in the economic balance in society, so Islam came with its great rulings and legislation Heavenly, for Between the people and the rule of usury types.

The rule of usury in Islam

Usury has multiple forms, and each form has its own rule, and it is as follows: (1)
  • Usury : This form of usury is through the sale of usurious funds together, and these usurious funds are in six forms, namely: silver, gold, righteousness, salt, dates, and barley, and the majority of jurists have agreed that these types are attached to them. Other funds, which are united with them in the illness, and usury interest are of two types, namely:
    • Usury: The increase in one of the compensators over the other, in the case of selling usurious money with usurious money of the same kind, for example: selling gold with gold, then it is not permissible to sell gold with gold unless it is the same, and any increase that occurs in one of the two sides leads to He made this sale usurious, and accordingly, it is necessary to unite the sex when selling, meaning that the sale is righteousness by righteousness, or gold with gold, and so on.
    • Riba al-Nasee'ah: That is, the arrests of one of the compensators in the sale of usurious funds are delayed, in the event that they are united in the cause, in the case of selling usurious money other than his gender, such as selling gold in silver or the opposite, or selling a currency in another currency, then it is permissible in this case The differentiation, that is to say the increase and decrease in it, due to the difference in gender in the sale, and it is not permissible to delay the arrest of one of the two compensators, and it must be done in the Council of the contract.
  • Debt interest: It is a form of usury that is prohibited by the Holy Qur’an, and usury debt means: that the increase in debt takes place in exchange for the increase in the term, and this matter was very common in the days of pre-Islamic times, and the banks returned to it at the contemporary time, and it is one of the most famous types Interest, and the most ugly.

Warning against usury

The Holy Qur’an has warned in several places of usury, and has shown its danger to society, and many hadiths have been received in this regard as well, including: (2)

In the Holy Quran

  • God Almighty said: (who devour usury will not only as the person beaten by the devil of touch that they said but selling such as usury , and Allah has permitted trading and forbidden usury , it came to him an admonition from the Lord and ended Ribaa , and ordered him to God , and returned those , The companions of the Fire ۖ They have immortals in it (275) God deserves usury and raises alms: ۗ And God does not love all disbelievers as sinful , 2) 76-275 .
  • God Almighty said: (O ye who believe , fear Allah and give up what remains of usury, if you are believers (278) if they do not take a notice of war from Allah and His Messenger , but if you have money heads do not do wrong , nor do you wrong) Sura, 278-279 .
  • God Almighty said: “God deserves usury and raises alms.” And God does not love all unrighteous infidels) Surat Al-Baqara, 276 .
  • God Almighty said: (And if he is hard-pressed, look at a facilitator, and if you give charity is better for you if you know) Surat Al-Baqarah, 280 .
  • God Almighty said: ( and what you come from the Lord of the people 's money than in no more than God and what you come from Zakat you want the face of God , they are Alamadafon ( Ar - Rum .39 .
  • God Almighty said: (O you who believe! Do not eat usury twice as much and fear God that you may succeed) Surah Al-Imran, 130 .
  • God Almighty said: and taken usury has forbidden it and their devouring people 's wealth unlawfully , and have prepared for the unbelievers of them a painful punishment Nisa 161 .

In the Sunnah of the Prophet

  • On the authority of Jaber, may God be pleased with him, he said: (The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, cursed: I eat interest, his client, his writer, and his witnesses, and he said: They are equal) Narrated by Muslim .
  • And on the authority of Samarah bin Jandab, may God be pleased with him, he said: The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: (I saw tonight two men who came to me and brought me to a holy land, so we set out until we came on a river of blood in which a standing man had stones, and on the middle of the river a man in his hands with stones, and he accepted the man in the river And if he wanted to go out, he threw the man with a stone in it, then he turned back where he was, and when he came, he went out, throwing a stone in it with him, and he returned as it was, so I said: What is this? And he said: What I saw in the river eating usury) Narrated by Bukhari .
  • On the authority of Abu Hurairah, may God be pleased with him, on the authority of the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - said: (Avoid the seven sins, they said: O Messenger of God, and what are they? The orphan's wealth, and the assumption of the day of crawling, and the bombardment of fortresses, the unconscious women ( Narrated by Bukhari ) .
  • And on the authority of Ibn Masoud, may God be pleased with him, on the authority of the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - that he said: “There is no one more than usury but it is the consequence of his command to a few” Sunan Ibn Majah .
  • On the authority of Salman bin Amr, on the authority of his father, he said: I heard the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - in the Hajj of Farewells saying: (That not every usury of usury is prejudice subject, you have your capital not wronged nor wronged, except that all of the blood of pre-Islamic blood is placed, and the first The blood from which I put the blood of Al-Harith bin Abdul Muttalib, he was a nurse in Bani Laith, and Hathel killed him, he said: Oh God, have you communicated? They said: Yes, three times. He said: Oh God, bear witness, three times) Sunan Abi Dawood .
  • And on the authority of Abu Hurairah, may God be pleased with him, on the authority of the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - he said: “Let people come to a time when one does not care about the money that is taken for granted by the lawful person or from the forbidden” Narrated by Bukhari .
  • And on the authority of Abdullah bin Masoud, may God be pleased with him, on the authority of the Prophet - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - he said: (Usury seventy-three chapters, the easiest of which is for a man to marry his mother, and he raised usury as a Muslim man) introduced by the ruler .
  • It was narrated on the authority of Abdullah bin Hanzala, the washing of angels, that he said: The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, said: “A dirham of usury is eaten by a man, and he knows more than thirty-six fornication.” Narrated by Ahmad .

The wisdom of prohibiting usury

The interpreters have mentioned a provision to legislate the prohibition of usury, and that is that usury requires that a person take money from others without compensation, because whoever sells the dirham for two dirhams with cash or negligence, then there will be an increase without compensation, and this is a great prohibition, and that is that usury prohibits the Muslim From being engaged in earnings, because a person who has a debt to usury reduces his money because he is busy collecting the debt of usury, and this leads to the interruption of people's benefits.

Also, that usury leads to a failure to lend people to one another, and interruption of favor with one another, because the prohibition of usury leads to good souls when giving the loan and returning it like it without increasing, and if the interest was permissible, the needy would have had to take something and return it twice, Thus, the good and the charity are interrupted among people.

Ibn al-Qayyim said: (... perhaps the women who are women, and it is they who do in ignorance, such as delaying his debt and increasing it in money, and the more he delays it, he will increase the money, until the hundred he has become thousands composed, and most often he does not do so without needy, so if he sees The beneficiary delays his claim, and he is patient with an increase that he makes for him. The usurer is of no use to him from his brother, so he eats his brother's money in vain, and his brother gets the utmost harm, so who The mercy of the most merciful, the wisdom and the benevolence of his creation to prohibit usury) . (3)