It is a transparent crystal consisting of carbon atoms and is a coherent capillary network SP3, and is used in many different uses because of the exceptional physical properties that are difficult to be present in any other material, and is considered one of the most valuable materials in this world, and there are many types of diamonds such as blue that It contains boron, yellow that contains nitrogen, and brown that has capillary defects, and green as a result of exposure to radiation, and there is purple, pink, orange, and red, and is formed as a result of the presence of a high temperature and high pressure, and pressure at a depth of 140 to 190 kilometers.
Knowing the diamond
Diamonds have a set of different characteristics by which to distinguish between real high-value diamonds, and those that are counterfeit or traditional:
Hardness: its hardness depends primarily on purity and crystalline strength, as its hardness is not impeccable, and some diamonds can be scratched through some materials such as boron nitride, and there are some types of diamonds that cannot be scratched with any material, according to their strong hardness that resists fracture. Due to a variety of strong influences and diamond hardness from 7.5 to 10 MPa, this value is considered good compared to other ceramic materials.
Pressure Resistance: It has the capacity to withstand high pressure of more than 600 gigapascals.
Electrical conductivity: The types of diamonds differ from each other, as the blue diamond is considered a natural semiconductor due to the presence of boron in it, which is one of the alternatives to carbon atoms in diamonds, which is considered a semiconductor, while most other types are considered excellent electrical insulators.
Surface: The surface nature of diamonds is characterized by that it is in love with fatty substances, especially oil. This is why this feature is used to extract diamonds, and its surface becomes water-loving when its surface is chemically modified by the presence of some ions.
Chemical stability: it is characterized by being one of the substances that do not interact with any substance, and this means the difficulty of interacting with it, as it does not interact with any of the chemical reagents such as strong acids, and the rules that have thermal conditions are less than the amount of room temperature, while The diamond's surface is oxidized when temperatures exceed 850 ° C in the air.
Color : Diamonds are clear, and this is most apparent when a diamond passes through visible light, as it appears as a colorless crystal.
Engraving: Lazar Kaplan company in the United States engraved on the surface of diamonds by laser, and this engraving is considered invisible marks with the naked eye, in order to find the original pieces of the imitation.
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