What is the silk maker called?

jj February 14, 2020


Contents

  • 1 silk
  • 2 Kazzaz is the name of the silk maker
  • 3 History of the silk industry
  • 4 Silk Industry
  • 5 References

Silk

Silk (Silk: English) is a natural protein fiber produced by some types of arthropods, and is installed in the form of a triple prism that enables them to break light at different angles, which gives them an unparalleled natural luster, in addition to being characterized by strength and smoothness. Silk fibers are used in creating luxurious types of fabric , and in upholstery, wallpaper, carpets , bed sheets and wall hangings. [1]

Many organisms can produce silk, but the finest species is produced by the silkworm larva known scientifically as ( Bombyx mori ), which feeds on the leaves of raspberries , while the cedar of Samia Cynthia, or silk silent moth (scientific name: Samia cynthia ) is silk Durable and inexpensive, it is rough to the touch, while silk produced by the mite , known scientifically as ( Antheraea pernyi ), is known as tussa silk, and among its faults is the difficulty of dyeing it, and there are some adult insects that belong to the wing films and some spiders, which can produce natural silk fibers. [1]

The silk cloth name

The silk is referred to as silk by the Arabs when it is extracted from cocoon or cocoon, in relation to the silkworm or silkworm that produces silk cocoons, [2] and so the silk maker and its silk seller are called, and it is said: I bought natural silk from the silk. [3]

History of the Silk Industry

The Chinese legend says that Empress Li Zou, wife of the legendary emperor Huan JiDe who is known as the Yellow Emperor, taught the Chinese people the art of silk spinning in the twenty-seventh century B.C., and away from legends, archaeologists have found some scattered evidence in different provinces of China, proving Because the Chinese were the first to know silk threads and made silk clothes from them, the remnants of a primitive loom dating back to about 4900 BC were discovered, and a silk fabric was discovered that wrapped around the body of a child dating back to about 3500 BC, and part of the silk spindle was found ( The loom is back For the year 2750 BC, there are also sculptures from the Neolithic periodIn the form of silkworms, in addition to the cemetery discovered by archaeologists in 2007 in Jiangxi Province, which dates back approximately 2500 years, and includes silk textiles dyed with sophisticated techniques. [1] [4]

The Chinese emperors kept the secret of making silk and using silkworms to produce silk threads for centuries, and death was a punishment for anyone who thought about leaking information about the mechanism of making silk, or smuggling silkworm eggs. However, silk production technology from silkworms reached Korea 200 BC Almost, it is said that a Chinese princess, sent to marry the Emperor of the Kingdom of Khotan, managed to smuggle silkworm eggs in her hairstyle in the first half of the first century AD, after that the silk trade spread and reached the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, Europe, and North Africa. P The main trade routes linking Europe and Asia have been fluttered in the name of the Silk Road . [1]

silk industry

The silk industry passes several steps, as follows: [5]
  • Care for eggs: silk moth eggs are kept in a small box, and covered with blankets to keep them warm, so that the temperature does not exceed 26 ° C; to avoid exposure of eggs to drought and death, the eggs are blueish-gray color, but they become transparent from the middle, and they have dark rings in the parts External when the date of hatching is approaching, which happens approximately 14 days later, and at this stage the eggs are transferred to a special container for hatching, and are provided with fresh raspberry leaves after they are cut into small pieces, to be replaced with fresh ones two to three times a day.
  • Care of the larvae: After the egg comes out, the larvae feed on a sufficient amount of raspberry leaves, and from them they obtain their need of moisture. Insecticides, and then dried well before serving to the larvae. The larvae dissolve to get rid of their old skin, which has become tight and replace it with another after a two-day fasting period, and at this stage the place should not be cleaned or transferred from it, because this may cause disease or death, and after the dissolution is completed the container is cleaned and the secretions and the skin resulting from the exfoliation are removed, and it is observed. Keep the larvae at a temperature between 23-29 ° C.
  • Mature worm care: The silkworm larvae dissolve four times, and they become omnivorous for food to be able to start spinning the cocoon. In this period, the larvae must be fed with large green leafy berries, and after ten days the larvae will become swollen, the color becomes transparent, yellowish, and food consumption decreases, and their food consumption decreases. Looking for a suitable place to start your cocoon spinning.
  • Pupae collection: The larvae should be placed in a wide place to ensure that the fry do not come in contact with the pupae spinning, which means the silk threads are tangled, and the larva should not be disturbed for fear of not completing the cocoon construction. The larvae dissolve for the fifth and last time inside the cocoon, then they turn into a pupa, which is an intermediate stage between the larva and the adult butterfly, and it is preferable to collect the cocoons on the fifth day of the start of spinning to ensure the completion of the cocoon construction, and after that the cocoons are secreted, and the strongest, most complete, and clearest are chosen for the outbreak By completing its growth to lay eggs for the next year, the number of cocoons that will be allowed to complete its growth depends on the number of worms that the farmer wishes to obtain, provided that their number is not less than twenty cocoons to ensure that there are equal numbers of males and females, and that the male cocoons Alba small - sized and tapered ends, while females cocoons are larger and jagged ends.
  • Getting rid of the pupa: When the pupa turns into a butterfly , it pierces the cocoon so that it can get out of it, which damages the silk threads, and this is what the Qazzaz must avoid occurring, so the pupa is killed before it turns into a butterfly in one of the following ways:
    • Expose cocoons to water vapor for about an hour, then left to dry to avoid the formation of mold.
    • Put the cocoons in a hot oven for about an hour, and make sure not to burn or turn brown.
    • The cocoon was placed under the sun for several days.
    • The cocoon was placed in the freezer for a period of several days to several months.
  • Silk solution: means the unwinding of cocoons to obtain silk threads and wrap them in the form of a pulley, and can then be dyed to obtain the desired color.